Which stage should closure topics be first addressed in group development?

• A. Norming
• B. Storming
• C. Orientation
• D. Working

Answer: (C)

Introducing how the group will end belongs in the orientation stage. At this early point, the leader sets the frame: purpose, expectations, confidentiality, norms, and boundaries. Bringing up closure topics from the start helps participants know how long the group will last, what will happen at termination, and how referrals or additional support will be handled. This upfront planning reduces anxiety about ending and aligns with ethical practice by ensuring a thoughtful, planned termination. As the group moves into later stages, the focus shifts to managing conflicts and building cohesion, so closure details aren’t the primary emphasis then, but the groundwork has already been laid.